Electric lamp



Sept. 20, 1932. R. E. D. MARADEI 1,378,873

ELECTRIC LAMP Filed June 5. 1929 4 Sheds-Sheet l Sept. 20, 1932. R. E.o. MARADEI ELECTRIC LAMP Filed June 5. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 9. f iqct 7Sept. 20, 1932. R. E. D. MARADEI 1,878,873

ELECTRIC LAMP Filed J ne 5, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Sept. 20, 1932. R. E.o. MARADEI 1,378,873

ELECTRIC LAMP Filed June 5, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 memase tmmz UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRIC Lm Applioatioa lled June 5, 1928, SerialIo. 868,680, and in Argentina January 29, 1929.

scri tive drawings are attached in which p 1 re 1 shows a side view oithe internal metaf part of the lamp base, combined with the glass coreand filament supports.

Figure 2 is a view of the same parts as seen from above.

F' 3 lon 'tudinal section throu h 3 lgum 1s a g1 g expanded to a bellmouth into which the lamp the same parts, when assembled.

Figure 4 is a screw plug attachment which fits into the u per part ofthe lamp base already referred to.

Fi e 5 shows two views of the glass core and ament supports as seen fromthe side and in part section.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section through the same part, independently.

Figure 7 is a longitudina section through the valve iston which closesthe lamp once a vacuum as been created.

Figure 8 is a view in plan of the same part.

Figure 9 shows the rubber cover-piston which hermetically seals thelamp.

Figure 10 is a view in plan of the former.

Figure llshows the piston-valve spring.

- Figure 12 shows a side view of the inner part of the lamp socket,independently.

Figure 13 is a cross section through the former.

Figure 14 shows a longitudinal section through the lamp base whenattached to the supplementary apparatus at the moment when a vacuum isbeing created.

Figure 15 shows these two parts in their normal state: separated, aftera vacuum has been created.

Figure 16 shows an outside view of the lamp base, complete.

Figure 17 is a cross section through the former.

Figure 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of the lamp, complete.

In all the figures mentioned, the same letters indicate the same orsimilar parts.

The lamp is made up of the following arts:

An outer shell P of bronze or other suitable metal forming the lampbase, the lower end of which is threaded to standard pitch, thusallowing the lamp to be screwed into any lamp holder socket.

The lower part of said metal lamp base is lobe or bulb fits, and towhich it is attached": y a s ial arrangement of four eccentric lever c is P' which act upon an internal ring Q of rubber or asbestos, ofsuitable shape. he special shape of the said internal ring and that ofthe lamp globe rim, when once the four eccentric lever clips P have beenadjusted and fitted into the four corresponding grooves X" in the globe,make an absolutely air tight connectlon. In order to facilitate theaction of the said lever clips and to seal the connection perfectly, aseries of parallel slots Q, have been cut in the bellmouth base, formingvanes through which a wire ring H is run. The said slots make the baserim more flexible and so allow it to adapt itself more easily and to fitmore closely to the asbestos or rubber rin Q".

The inner part of the saidlamp base is composed of the following: Acylindrical metal shell A, in the up r part of which, and near the end,is a circu ar groove 0, the onl aper' ture at this end being that intowhich the screw-plug D is inserted and screwed up.

The lower part of the said cylindrical metal shell is entirely open,having on o posite sides, several slots E, into which t in the centreinto which the head N of the metal shell and is secured to same b pistonfits. The aperture left in the cylinder cover serves as a socket intowhich the screwplug D may screwed.

The glass core I fits inside the cylindricialzl t e bayonet-clutch slotsat E, the said core orming the base of the glass rod filament supports Yand having a metal crown J with fitting stops E. A cylindrical cavity Lis formed in the centre of the glass core in which the rod H attached tothe piston F mzg' slide.

etween the external threaded shell P and the cylinder A alreadydescribed, a filling of glass R or other insulating material isinserted, thus making a close and substantial bond between these twoparts, but' through the said filling an air duct R" is left whichestablishes a communication between the inside of the lamp globe and thecylinder A by means of the air passage B.

The upper part of the lamp base is covered with black glass or othersuitable insulating material P, which hermetically seals the connectionbetween the outer shell P" and the cylinder A and at the same timeprevents any electric current passing from one of the said parts to theother.

The glass core I supporting the filament carrier is fitted with a metalring K near the point of contact with the cylinder, on which metal ringrests a flexible contact strip of metal V one end of which is solderedto the inside wall of the threaded lamp base P the said contact stripmaking the connection between the said threaded lamp base and one end ofthe filament X" which is soldered to the metal ring K. The other end ofthe filament which is soldered to the metal crown J establishes contactthrough the cylinder walls A to the screwlug D.

The glass rod filament support which is an extension of the glass core Imay be of any of the types in current use. 7 p

The lamp globe proper may also be of any of the current types, but themouth of same where it is attached to the lamp base, must be s eciallsha for this, and be suflicient y wi e to a low for its removal orapplication without fear of its coming into contact with the filamentsupporting apparatus.

Both the lamp globe and the mouth of same may be altered in design tosuit the shape of the filament employed, and whether this is fittedlongitudinally, transversely or in a circular form, the lamp globe onthe outward shape to correspond, as occurs with The outer cylinder Qslides in two guide-' blocks Q, the said cylinder having near its centrea rim R which serves to retain the steel spring R between the said rimand one of the 'de blocks Q. The same outer cylinder Q hil s on one enda rubber rin P which fits into the screw socket C of the amp base, andthe opposite end of the said c linder is fitted with a rubber washer Tan over this washer a metal cap T is fitted, which compresses the saidrubber washer.-

Eachof the two cylinders already mentioned is fitted with a fork S and Tin which two metal rods S and S are hinged, the said rods bein actuatedby the eccentric sheaves Y and respectively, which impart 3reciprocating movement to the two cyliners.

One end of the inner cylinder T is entirely o n and on to this openingthe endof the ru ber pipe V leading from the vacuum pump is attached;the other end of this cylinder is closed except for a small hole S onone side, through which the air absorbed by the vacuum pump passes, thesaid end fittin into the cylinder A in the lamp base throng the openingC.

The ends of the rods S and X are each fitted with aroller, these rollersrunning on the outer eccentric sheave Y" and the inner eccentric sheaveZ respectively.

The rod S besides bein supported by the fork S is further sustaine by anextra guide block V. Other two rods S and Y work in the fixed bearings Xand X, the whole of the said rods combining to give the cylinders Q andTthe necessary reciprocating motion transmitted by the eccentric sheavesY" and Z. The shaft Z which drives the eccentric sheaves, derives itsmotion from an suitable machine or motor, and the bearing locks Q, V, Xand X must be suitably arranged so as to conform to the general lay-outof the rest of the machine.

It is also evident that some method must be adopted for holding the lampbase and the globe while the vacuum is being created and this may bedone either by the use of clamps, vices or any other suitable devices.

In the special cases where gas is to be injected into the interior ofcertain lamps, the same inner cylinder T acts as an injector once avacuum has been created in the lamp globe, it only being necessary foranother rubber P p to be connected to the one V already de- 14 and vscribed. In such case each pipe would have to be fitted with theordinary automatic appliances designed to open and close as requiredwhencreating a vacuum and to act inversely when injecting gas.

The practical results to be obtained from the use of this lam and thesupplementary connector are as fol ows:

When a lamp filament burns out or breaks, all that is necessar is tolower the eccentric clip levers P'" to t e position P""-see Fig. 16-andb so doing, the pressure brought to bear on t e inner rubber or asbestosring Q" by the vanes Q'" is relieved by the action of the wire rinH-Fig. 18.-

The lamp glo may now be detached from the metallic base, and the glassrod Y"'Fig.

18and the tentacles which hold the filament will be left uncovered. Thefilament may then be renewed, and once this is done, the lamp globe isagain placed in position and secure by the eccentric cli levers, beingbrou ht back to the position This being one, the screw-plug D is removedfrom the cylinder A and the end of the connector applied to the cavityas shown in Fig. 15.

The connector is now set in motion, andby means-of the outer eccentricsheave Y", pressure will be brought to bear upon the roller Y which willbe transmitted to the rod S. Since this rod is attached to the cylinderQ by means of the fork S the said cylinder will compress the spring itand move forward bodily until the end enters the socket C in the lampbase cylinder Aas shown in Fi re 14. The end of the outer connectorcyhnder Q which fits into the socket in the end of the lamp basecylinder A, carries a rubberring P'Figure 14 which entirely revents anyair entering said c linder A. 8nce the operation just descri ed has beencompleted, the inner eccentric sheave Z acts u n the roller carried onthe end of the rod transmittin motion to the rod X, this in turn multipying the effect and transmitting same through the rod S", causes theinner cylinder T to advance after cylinder has come to rest.

The inner cylinder T of the connector then enters the lamp base cylinderA, the pressure transmitted, as 'ust described, overcoming theresistance 0 ered b the spring N, and causing the piston rod Ii -Figure3to slide into the cavit L in the glasscore I. As the piston F is weldedor otherwise firmly attached to the rod H and the rubber washer G isheld by the piston head N, all these parts are dlsplaced together by thepressure exercised by the connector cylinder T, "and travel along thelamp-base cylinder A until the opening B-Figure 14-is uncovered, therebyestablishing a communication to the inside of the lamp globe through theair duct R'--Figures 15 and 18.

Once the piston occupies the position shown in Figure 14, the vacuumpumpflgirmes 1 action, and b means of the ru attached to e end of theinner connector c hnder T the air contained in the lamp obe isexhausted, passin through the small ole 8'' found in the si e of thesaidinner cylinder near its inner end.

Ayacuu'm having now been formed in the connector cy inder T and soallowing the spring N to again expand-Figures 3, 11 and 14-and bv sodoing, force the piston back to its ori al position and prevent any airentering y the opening C-F-igure 4. Once the inner connector cylinder Thas been entirely removedFigure 15 the action of the outer eccentricsheave Y" will also remove cylinder Q, and all that is then required toput the lam in working order is to screw in the screw-p ug D, Figs. 1and 4. The eccentric Y" in Fig. 15is shown reduced in size from that inFig. 14. The desi of the eccentrics depends upon the rest 0 themechanical system and the disposition of the lam with respect to theconnector.

S ould it be the glass rod Y' instead, which requires renewalFigure18this may be done in the following manner: After removing the lampglobe Z" from the metallic base as has been already described, the

glass core I is taken and pressed firmly against the lamp base, upwards,giving it a slight turn to the left at the same time so as to detach itfrom the stops E'Figures 1, 2 and .5which are carried by the metalcrown. J-F' res. 3, 5 and 6and engage in the slots in the lamp-basecylinder A. A new or repaired glass core is then inserted, the lamassembled and a vacuum created as alrea y described.

An of the lamp parts which may have been roken or damaged, such as theglass lobe, the'piston, piston-rod, rubber or asstos rin contact strip,spring, etc., may be renewe in a similar manner.

The electric contacts completing the circuit and producing light occuras follows: When the lamp is screwed into a lamp holder one pole comesinto contact with the screwplug D-Figure 4- the current then passingthrough the cylinder walls A up to the metal crown J-Figures 3, 5 and6--to which one of the wires X is soldered.

The 0 posite pole connects up through the threaded lamp-base P", Figures16, 17 and 18, to which one end of the contact strip V" is soldered, theother end of said strip making a pressure contact with the metal ring Kto which the other wire X'" is soldered.

These two wiresare carried in the interior of the glass core I, passingdown through this and coming out below to form the two pflvented by meare numerous.

a cost infinitely lowercthan that of a new over t is The benefits andadvan by the adoption of this type of lamp asin- In the first place, themanufacture of thistype of lamp could be "carried out at a very lowcost, if produced in lar qiiantities, and the sli ht'increase in cost wic might result lie ordinary oflamp would be amply compensated or by thenumber oftimes the lamp as invente by me could be repaired b the renewalof parts, at acosty which may considered as insignificant.

One of the ordinary lamps, once the filament is broken or burnt out mustnecessarilv be entirely replaced, while in the case of the lamp of myinvention, the lamp is made. as ood as new with a ve small outlay.

fihese advantages are mcreased still-fur-J ther when dealing with lam sof large size and lightin power, their cost quite consi erable. The lampas inven by me could be renewed in part as required at lamp complete,aswould be necessary with the ordinary type of lamp. Y .Apart from thecauses already mentioned, it is a well known fact that a lam filamentbecomes dimmed and loses its brilhance with continued usage, and as thelamp globe ets blackened at the same time, a much du er. light than whennew is the result. Also, a greater consumption of current results.

These drawbacks are very easily overcome by the use of the lamp of myinvention, the weakened filament being renewed and the glass globecleaned u at. the same time, with great advantage to t e consumer.

In a similar manner to that in which the filament may be renewed in thelamp of my invention, any other wasted or damaged part ma be renewed atwill.

B lII'thGImOIG, it would not be necessary for the renewal of parts to beconfined to the manufacturers of these lamps, since dealers could easilyand cheaply acquire a connec tor as already described, and inconjunction with a vacuum pump could efiect renewals and repairs at verylow cost.

It is well to note that my invention may be applied to lamps of anyshape, colour or design; with either ordinary, large or small screwedbases or of bayonet typeasdesired, and in accordance with any lampholder either for direct or alternating current.

It should also be observed that notwithstanding the absolute airtightness of all the parts composing the lamp of my invention, thevacuum formed in the ordinary type of lamp is far from being perfect andis what is generally termed a partial vacuum.

Having now particularly described andasoertained the nature of theinvention and supports coir which the lamp filament:

m what-manner the sameis to be carried into practice, whatIclaimis:

1. An electric lamp comprising a base, a hollow shell secured withinsaid base, a globe detachably connected to said base, an aperture insaid shell connecting the interior of said shell with the lamp interiora second a rture in said shell connecting the interior 0 said shell wlththe external atmosphere, and a movable. valve member normally adapted toclose said first named aperture.

Inccombmation, an electric lamp comprising these, a shell secured withmsaid 1 see, a globe detachably connected to said base, an aperture inone end of said shell connecting the interior with the outsideatmosphere, a passage connectin the interior of said shell with thespace inc uded within said base and globe, a valve member normallysealing sai d aperture, means for yieldably holding said valve member insaid position,

a connector for a vacuum ump compris ing a set of two cylinders onewithin the other,

means for moving said cylinders relatively to one another, the outer oneof said cylinders being provided with an o ening for abuttin one end ofsaid shell an surroundin sai yaperture, the inner one of said cylin crsbeing adapted to pass through said aperture and force said valve memberfrom said normal .position whereby said aperture is unsealed, an openingin said inner cylinder connecting the interior of said cylinder and theinterior of said shell when said inner cylinder is passed through saidaperture, and means for connecting the interior of said inner cylinderwith a vacuum pump.

' 3. An electric lam comprising a metallic base, a metallic shelsupported within and electrically insulated from said base, a glassglobe detachably connected to said base, a

lament support detachably connected to said shell, two contact plates onsaid filament support, one of said contact plates being in contact withsaid shell, a contact arm connecting the other of said contact plateswith said base, a filament on said filament support the ends of whichfilament are connected respectively to said two contact plates, apassage extending from the space included within said globe and base tothe exterior of said lamp and movable means for normally sealing saidpassage.

. 4. An electric lamp comprising a base, a glass globe, a filamentsupportin member within saidglass lobe, means for etachably securingsaid'glo e to said base comprising a cylindrical flange on said base,longitudinal notches in said flange forming flexible lugs, aflexiblering surrounding said lugs, means for tensioning said flexible ring anda packing member between said flange and said globe.

"5. An electric lamp comprising a metallic base forming one electricalterminal of said

